Videnskaben bag forholdets kompatibilitet.

Dandine-Roulland C, Laurent R, Dall'Ara I, Toupance B og Chaix R (2019) Genomisk bevis for MHC disassortativ parring hos mennesker.

Birnbaum GE, Zholtack K, Mizrahi M & Ein-Dor T (2019) Den bitre pille: Ophør af orale prævention øger tiltrækningskraften af alternative partnere. Evolutionary Psychological Science volume 5, pages 276–285

*** Hormonelle præventionsmidler ændrer kvinders præferencer for partnere mod mere omsorgsfulde mænd, men ophør med brugen af dem tilbagefører disse præferencer og øger tiltrækningen mod mere genetisk kompatible mænd, især under høj-fertilitetsfaser, hvilket potentielt kan motivere en søgen efter alternative partnere.

Wedekind C (2019) En forudsagt interaktion mellem duftens behagelighed og intensitet giver bevis for social signalering af major histokompatibilitetskompleks hos kvinder.. Proc. R. Soc. B 285:20172714.

*** Artiklen beskriver forbindelsen mellem Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) og lugtpræferencer hos mennesker, hvor tidligere resultater diskuteres og analyseres for at undersøge, hvordan barbering af armhuler og andre faktorer kan påvirke opfattelsen af kropslugt og dens forbindelse til MHC. En reanalyse af tidligere data afslører, at lugtens behagelighed og intensitet kan interagere med MHC-afvigelse og påvirke social signalering gennem duft, hvilket antyder et nuanceret forhold mellem MHC, lugtopfattelse og social kommunikation.

Wu K, Chen C, Moyzis RK, Nuno M, Yu Z and Greenberger E (2018) Mere end huddybde: Større histokompatibilitetskompleks (MHC)-baseret tiltrækning blandt asiatiske amerikanske speed-datere Evolution and Human Behavior. 39(4):447-456.

*** I en speed-dating kontekst viste kvinder, men ikke mænd, præferencer for partnere baseret på Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) komplementaritet gennem SNP-analyse, hvor forskellige SNPs påvirkede tiltrækning i en bestemt retning baseret på nærhed til de store HLA-gener, og MHC-baserede indeks havde en sammenlignelig indflydelse som selvrapporterede personlighedstræk i forudsigelse af anden date tilbud for begge køn.

Henningsson S, Hovey D, Vass K, Walum H, Sandnabba K, Santtila P, Jern P, Westberg L (2017) En missense polymorfi i det formodede feromonreceptor-gen VN1R1 er forbundet med socioseksuel adfærd.. Transl Psychiatry. 7(4):e1102.

*** Studiet finder en signifikant sammenhæng mellem en polymorfisme i VN1R1-genet, der er relateret til den menneskelige vomeronasale type-1 receptor 1 (en del af systemet, der formidler virkningerne af feromoner), og socioseksuel adfærd hos kvinder, især i forhold til engangsknald, hvilket antyder, at kemisk signalering kan spille en rolle i at regulere menneskelige sociale interaktioner.

Burger D, Meuwly C, Marti E, Sieme H, Oberthür M, Janda J, Meinecke-Tillmann S og Wedekind C. (2017) MHC-korrelaterede præferencer hos diøstriske hopper (Equus caballus).

Sherlock JM, Sidari MJ, Harris EA, Barlow FK, Zietsch BP (2016) Test af mate-choice hypotesen for den kvindelige orgasme: at adskille træk og adfærd. . Socioaffect Neurosci Psychol. 6:31562.

*** Studiet antyder, at kvinder oplever varierende frekvenser af orgasmer med forskellige partnere, hvor de der inducerer højere orgasmerater bliver opfattet som mere humoristiske, kreative, varme, trofaste og bedre duftende, og også er mere opmærksomme på deres partners seksuelle tilfredsstillelse, delvist støttende til hypotesen om kvindelig orgasme som en potentiel mekanisme til at vælge højkvalitets partnere.

Kromer J, Hummel T, Pietrowski D, Giani AS, Sauter J, Ehninger G, Schmidt AH, Croy I (2016) Indflydelse af HLA på menneskelig partnerskab og seksuel tilfredshed. Sci Rep. 6:32550.

*** Studiet indikerer, at i mennesker kan HLA (en genetisk komponent i immunsystemet) forskellighed påvirke valg af partner og seksuel tilfredshed, potentielt gennem opdagelsen af duftsignaler relateret til genetisk kompatibilitet, på samme måde som mekanismer observeret hos andre dyr, der fremmer genetisk mangfoldighed og modstandsdygtighed mod patogener hos afkom.

Wlodarski R. and Dunbar RIM. (2015) Hvad er der i et kys? Effekten af romantiske kys på partnerens ønskelighed.. Evol Psychol. ; 12(1): 178–199.

*** Denne undersøgelse fandt, at opfattet evne til romantisk kys påvirker vurderinger af potentielle partnere, hvilket øger attraktiviteten især for kvinder i tilfældige sexkontekster. Mens visuelle signaler kan overtrumfe effekten af kysserelateret information i visse parrings-scenarier, synes påvirkningen af attraktiv visuel information at være mere potent for mænd end for kvinder, hvilket antyder den mangefacetterede rolle, som kys har i at formidle partnerkvalitet og attraktivitet sammen med andre signaler.

Burger D, Dolivo G, Marti E, Sieme H og Wedekind C. (2015) Kvindelig major histokompatibilitetskompleks type påvirker mandlige testosteronniveauer og antallet af sædceller hos heste (Equus caballus).

Christakis NA and Fowler JH (2014) Venskab og naturlig udvælgelse. PNAS. 11:10796–10801.

*** Studiet viser, at mennesker har en tendens til at danne venskaber med individer, der har lignende genotyper - på niveau med fjerde fætre - på tværs af hele genomet, og mens visse genotyper er positivt korrelerede (homofile), er andre negativt korrelerede (heterofile) blandt venner, hvor visse genetiske sæt relateret til lugte- og immunsystemet spiller en rolle i dannelse af venskaber, hvilket foreslår, at venner måske fungerer som "funktionelle slægtninge" og antyder, at homofile genotyper kan tilbyde synergistiske fitnessfordele, der har påvirket menneskets evolution i nyere tid.

Laurent R and Chaix R (2012) En missense polymorfi i det formodede feromonreceptor-gen VN1R1 er forbundet med socioseksuel adfærd. BioEssays. 34(4):267-71.

*** .

Lie HC, Simmons LH and Rhodes G (2010) Studier af HLA, fertilitet og partnervalg i en menneskelig isolat . Evolution and Human Behavior 31:8–58.

*** This study explores the influence of genetic factors, particularly the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), on mate preferences in humans, discovering that males tend to prefer MHC-dissimilar females in both short-term and long-term mating contexts, while genetic diversity impacts both male and female partner preferences across different mating contexts, thus supporting a significant role for the MHC in human mate selection and suggesting that these preferences might function to enhance genetic diversity in offspring.

Lie HC, Rhodes G and Simmons LH (2010) Studier af HLA, fertilitet og partnervalg i en menneskelig isolat? Animal Behaviour. 79, 4:903-909

*** This study indicates that in humans, particularly females, genetic diversity, especially within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is associated with greater mating success, measured by the number of sexual partners, supporting the concept that genetic factors, potentially related to immune system functioning, play a role in human mating success, while no significant association was found in males.

Chaix R, Cao C, and Donnelly P (2008) Studier af HLA, fertilitet og partnervalg i en menneskelig isolat? PLOS Genetics, 4 (9)

*** The study indicates that while European American populations may prefer MHC-dissimilar mates, selecting for diversity in offspring's immune systems, such a pattern is not found in the examined African population, suggesting MHC's influence on mate choice can be context-dependent and potentially shaped by various factors.

Schwensow N, Fietz J, Dausmann K, Sommer S (2008) MHC-associated mating strategies and the importance of overall genetic diversity in an obligate pair-living primate . Evol Ecol. (22) 617-636

*** The study explores mate choice in the fat-tailed dwarf lemur, finding females prefer males with greater MHC-genetic diversity and lower MHC overlap as both social and genetic fathers, while overall genetic heterozygosity and relatedness do not significantly influence mate selection; extra-pair matings might occur to mitigate genetic incompatibility, highlighting a complex interplay of "good-genes-as-heterozygosity" and "disassortative mating" hypotheses in primate mating strategies.

Wedekind C (2007) Indflydelse af HLA på menneskelig partnerskab og seksuel tilfredshed Evolutionary Psychology.5(2): 330-343

*** This experiment reveals a connection between the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and the verbal descriptions of human body odors, demonstrating that professional perfumers can, to some extent, articulate MHC-correlated body odor components, underscoring the MHC's influence on human olfactory perception and possibly, mate selection, given the MHC's critical role in immune system functioning and previously noted impact on body odor and mate choice.

Garver-Apgar CE, Gangestad SW, Thornill R, Miller RD and Olp JJ (2006) MHC klasse II kompatibilitet i aborterede fostre og terminfødte spædbørn fra par med tilbagevendende spontan abort. Psychol Sci, 17(10): 830-835.

*** In the context of romantic couples, the study finds that as the proportion of shared Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) alleles increases, women’s sexual responsivity to their partners decreases, while their number of extra-pair sexual partners and attraction to men other than their primary partners, especially during their fertile phase, increases, suggesting that MHC-dissimilarity might play a role in sexual attraction and partner selection, potentially driven by underlying genetic and reproductive strategies to enhance offspring immunocompetence by maintaining genetic diversity.

Roberts CE, Gosling LM, Carter V and Petrie M (2006) Indflydelse af HLA på menneskelig partnerskab og seksuel tilfredshed Proc. R. Soc. B 275, 2715–2722

*** This study investigates how oral contraceptives influence women's preferences for certain male odours, which are known to be influenced by genes in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Previous research has indicated that female preference for MHC-dissimilar male odour may function to increase offspring heterozygosity or minimize inbreeding. Interestingly, it has also been suggested that women using oral contraceptives tend to prefer the scent of MHC-similar males, which runs contrary to this logic. The study utilized a longitudinal design to test women before and after initiating contraceptive pill use, comparing their preferences to a control group of non-pill users. While the study didn’t find a significant difference in ratings between odours of MHC-dissimilar and MHC-similar men during the follicular cycle phase in general, it did unearth that single women tended to prefer the odour of MHC-similar men, whereas women in relationships leaned towards the odour of MHC-dissimilar men. This latter finding aligns.

Wedekind C (2006) Indflydelse af HLA på menneskelig partnerskab og seksuel tilfredshed ? Evolutionary Psychology. 4:85-94

*** This research discerns relationships between a few MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) genes and the intensity and pleasantness of men's body odors, discovering that men with at least one homozygous MHC antigen don't emit notably more intense odors than heterozygotes, yet their scents are perceived as significantly stronger by women with dissimilar MHC.

Pause BM, Krauel K, Schrader C, Sojka B, Westphal E, Mu¨ller-Ruchholtz W, and Ferstl R. (2006) The human brain is a detector of chemosensorily transmitted HLA-class I-similarity in same- and opposite-sex relations Proc. R. Soc. B (2006) 273, 471–478 doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3342

*** This study reveals that humans subconsciously detect and respond to body odors from individuals with similar HLA (Human Leucocyte Antigen) genetic markers, which might play a critical role in social interactions and mate selection by acting as subtle social signals within both same-sex and opposite-sex relationships..

Martins Y, Preti G, Crabtree CR, Runyan T, Vainius AA and Wysocki CJ (2005) Preference for Human Body Odors Is Influenced by Gender and Sexual Orientation . Psychological Science, 16(9) 694-702

*** This study demonstrates that sexual orientation and gender influence individuals' preferences for human body odors, with heterosexual and homosexual males and females showcasing distinct two-choice preferences when presented with body odors from individuals of different gender and sexual orientation combinations, implying that body odor can be a factor in sexual and social partner selection.

Horton R, Wilming L, Rand V, Lovering RC, Bruford EA, Khodiyar VK, Lush MJ, Povey S, Talbot CC Jr, Wright MW, Wain HM, Trowsdale J, Ziegler A, Beck S (2004) Karriereudvikling: Hvad er din type MHC. Nat Rev Genet 5(12):889-899

*** This study characterises an integrated gene map of the extended human MHC, a pivotal region in the vertebrate genome for infection and autoimmunity due to its essential role in both adaptive and innate immunity, highlighting its significant content related to paralogy, polymorphism, immune functionality, and its association with various diseases, providing a comprehensive view stemming from the assimilation of data from several large-scale studies..

Jacob S, McClitock MK, Zelano B and Ober C (2002) En missense polymorfi i det formodede feromonreceptor-gen VN1R1 er forbundet med socioseksuel adfærd.. Nature Genetics, 30:175

*** This study demonstrates that women can discern differences in male body odor influenced by a single variance in HLA (human MHC) allele, with a woman's capacity to distinguish and prefer certain odors notably being based on HLA alleles inherited from her father and not her mother; this suggests that paternally inherited HLA-associated odors influence odor preference and might function as social cues, even despite a milieu of potential odors derived from a variety of genetic and cultural factors..

Milinski M and Wedekind C (2001) Studier af HLA, fertilitet og partnervalg i en menneskelig isolat. Behavioural Ecology 12(2):140-149

*** The study explores the relationship between Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genotypes and perfume preferences in humans. They discovered a notable correlation between an individual's MHC (specifically HLA-A, -B, -DR) and their ratings of various scents for personal use, with certain HLA types (e.g., HLA-A2) showing consistent scent preferences. However, when it came to preferences for a partner's scent, the correlation was largely insignificant, aligning with the hypothesis that individuals select perfumes for personal use to possibly enhance or amplify their own immunogenetic revealing body odors, rather than to alter the perceived scents of their partners.

Wedekind C, Seebeck T, Bettens F And Paepke AJ (1995) Karriereudvikling: Hvad er din type in humans. Proc.R.Soc.Lond.B. 260:245-249.

*** This study found that people tend to prefer the body odors of potential mates who have different immune system genes than their own, but this preference changes for women on birth control.

fandt, at sædcellers levedygtighed var forbundet med partneres HLA-dissimilaritet, hvilket indikerer, at livmoderhalsens slim muligvis selektivt kan lette senere gametfusion mellem immunogenetisk kompatible partnere..

Jokiniemi A, Magris M, Ritari J, Kuusipalo L, Lundgren T, Partanen J and Kekäläinen J (2020) Post-kopulations genetisk matchmaking: HLA-afhængige effekter af livmoderhalsens slim på menneskelig sædcellefunktion. Proc Biol Sci., doi: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1682. Epub 2020 Aug 19.

* found an increased frequency of homozygosity for HLA-E*0101 in Egyptian women with RM

Mosaad YM, Abdel-Dayem Y, El-Deek BS and El-Sherbini SM (2011) Forbindelse mellem HLA-E *0101 homozygositet og tilbagevendende aborter hos egyptiske kvinder. Scand J Immunol. 2011 Aug;74(2):205-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02559.x.

foreslog en genetisk-risiko beregning, der kunne forudsige tilbagevendende abort (RM) baseret på analyse af HLA haplotyper fra par med enten historik om succesfulde graviditeter eller RM..

Mora-Sánchez A, Aguilar-Salvador D, Nowak I (2019) Mod en gamet-matchingsplatform: brug af immunogenetik og kunstig intelligens til at forudsige tilbagevendende abort.NPJ Digit Med Mar 7;2:12. doi: 10.1038/s41746-019-0089-x

udførte en meta-analyse af 41 studier og viste, at HLA-B deling og HLA-DR deling begge var forbundet med forekomsten af RM..

Meuleman T, Lashley LE, Dekkers OM, van Lith J, Claas FH and Bloemenkamp KW (2015) HLA-associationer og HLA-deling ved tilbagevendende abort: En systematisk gennemgang og metaanalyse Hum Immunol. May;76(5):362-73. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.02.004.

identificeret differentiel association af alleler i HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C og HLA-DRB1 sammenlignet med rapporterede verdens RSA-patienter..

Shankarkumar U, Pawar A, Gaonkar P, Parasannavar D, Salvi V, and Ghosh K (2008) HLA allelforbindelser hos patienter med idiopatisk tilbagevendende spontan abort fra Indien J Hum Reprod Sci. 2008 Jan;1(1):19-24. doi: 10.4103/0974-1208.39592.

Beskriv forholdet mellem HLA-lighed ved individuelle alleler samt HLA-haplotyper som indikatorer for øget risiko for foster tab blandt Hutterite-par..

Ober C (1999) Studier af HLA, fertilitet og partnervalg i en menneskelig isolat. Hum Reprod Update 5(2):103-107.

resultaterne af en 10-årig undersøgelse, der viste øgede foster tabsrater blandt Hutterite-par, der matcher for HLA-antigener..

Ober C, Hyslop T, Elias S, Weitkamp LR, Hauck WW (1998) Menneskelig leukocytantigen matchning og foster tab: resultater af en 10-årig prospektiv undersøgelse Human Reproduction, Volume 13, Issue 1, Jan 1998, Pages 33–38

demonstrerede øgede rater af tilbagevendende spontan abort blandt Hutterite-par, der matchede for HLA-DQA1 alleler.

Ober., Steck., Ven., Billstrand., Messer., Kwak., Beaman., Beer (1993) MHC klasse II kompatibilitet i aborterede fostre og terminfødte spædbørn fra par med tilbagevendende spontan abort.Journal of Reproductive Immunology, Volume 25, Issue 3, December 1993, Pages 195-207